EPISODE 10 "THE DAYS CAN BECOME VERY LONG."
Randy has worked his way up from driving a milk truck to working for the City of Barre. He has worked in both the Water Department and the Cemetery Department. The Cemetery Department covers Hope Cemetery in Barre, which is home to some of Barre’s finest granite memorials. Despite Barre’s multicultural past, some tension arose in the Cemetery Department when the cemetery held a Muslim funeral. Randy’s back in the Water Department, nearing retirement, but, not all is fine and placid: Providing essential services and being a union leader is always hard work.

Oral history transcript to be performed: Randy Edmunds, Work Leader for City of Barre’s Water Department and President of AFSCME Council 93 (2017, original)
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Narrator: Carl Etnier

RESEARCH CITATIONS

• Bernard, Tara Siegel, and Karl Russell. “The Middle-Class Crunch: A Look at 4 Family Budgets.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 3 Oct. 2019, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/03/your-money/middle-class-income.html.
• Haider, Asad. “Trump and the Muslim Question.” Jacobin, 16 Nov. 2016, www.jacobinmag.com/2016/11/trump-and-the-muslim-question.
• Kane, Joseph, and Adie Tomer. “Renewing the Water Workforce: Improving Water Infrastructure and Creating a Pipeline to Opportunity.” Brookings, Brookings, 22 June 2018, www.brookings.edu/research/water-workforce/.
• Martin, Emmie. “This Map Shows How Much Money a Family of 4 Needs to Earn to Get by in Every US State.” CNBC, CNBC, 16 May 2019, www.cnbc.com/2019/05/16/how-much-money-a-family-of-4-needs-to-get-by-in-every-us-state.html.
• Rowe, Amy E. “A Trace of Arabic in Granite: Lebanese Migration to the Green Mountains, 1890–1940.” Vermont History, vol. 76, no. 1, 2008, pp. 91–129.
• Sago, David C., and Andrew Kricun. “America Must Act to Ensure Qualified Water Workforce.” The Hill, 9 July 2018, thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/395739-america-must-act-to-ensure-qualified-water-workforce.
• Thurston, Jack. “'There's No Safe Level of Lead:' VT Schools, Daycare Centers Undergoing Wave of Lead Tests.” WPTZ, WPTZ, 15 Aug. 2019, www.mynbc5.com/article/theres-no-safe-level-of-lead-vt-schools-daycare-centers-undergoing-wave-of-lead-tests/28708717.

SOUND & MUSIC CREDITS
Music: "Cave of Crystals" by Metre. From Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC-SA
Music: "my own space" by Hinterheim. From Free Music Archive. CC BY-ND
Music: "sednoseterces" by Hinterheim. From Free Music Archive. CC BY
Sound Effect: "110801-unloading" by miastodzwiekow. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Fireworks, Close, A (H1)" by InspectorJ. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Kids Birthday Party Crowd" by jakobthiesen. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "lost_maples_waterfall" by wjoojoo. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Milk Bottles clanking" by foxen10. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "passing trucks 008" by tim.kahn. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "pasture ambience LONG 130101_03" by klankbeeld. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "PhoneRinging" by acclivity. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "Summer Barbecue" by nebulousflynn. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Town amb - summer, day" by eric5335. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "Tractor Mowing" by Puniho. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Whistling antarctic blizzard" by stormpetrel. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC

EPISODE 9 "HISTORY IS VERY PERSONAL."
Christine is a true Vermonter in every way: she is part Abenaki, and her entire family has been here for generations. Growing up working-class in a working-class town, she knows what it feels like to be disregarded. When she finally gets the chance to go to college as a working mother, she is awakened to her own intelligence. She decides to teach history, focusing on the history of women and Native Americans. She believes history is very personal, and her students learn history by making it personal. She makes a decent living, but it is only because her union has fought hard for it -- and they have to keep on fighting for it.

Oral history transcript to be performed: Christine Smith, Librarian at Spaulding, former History Teacher at Spaulding HS (2017, original).

Narrator: Sb Sowbel

THEME SONG CREDIT
The “John Henry” song at the beginning of our show is from the Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. Used courtesy of the Association for Cultural Equity.

RESEARCH CITATIONS

• Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. Hill and Wang, 2003.
• “Native Americans / Native Vermonters.” The Vermont Movie, 2016, thevermontmovie.com/pdfs/abenakis.pdf.
• Post, Charles. The American Road to Capitalism: Studies in Class-Structure, Economic Development and Political Conflict, 1620-1877. Haymarket, 2012.
• Rooker, Sarah. “English Settlement In The Connecticut River Valley: 1691-1791.” Flow of History, 20 Feb. 2014, www.flowofhistory.org/english-settlement-in-the-connecticut-river-valley-1691-1791/.
• Matthewson, R. Duncan. “Western Abenaki of TheUpper Connecticut River Basin:Preliminary Notes on Native AmericanPre-Contact Culture in Northern New England.” The Journal of Vermont Archaeology, vol. 12, 2011, pp. 1–45.
• Rooker, Sarah. “The French Settlement Of Vermont: 1609-1929.” Flow of History, 10 Jan. 2014, www.flowofhistory.org/the-french-settlement-of-vermont-1609-1929/.
• Rooker, Sarah. “Stories of Forced Migrations to Vermont.” Flow of History, 14 Mar. 2014, www.flowofhistory.org/stories-of-forced-migragion/.
• Wood, Paul. “Granite Columm Early Uses of Stone Were Primitive, Helpful.” Times Argus, 18 Oct. 2018, www.timesargus.com/news/granite-columm-early-uses-of-stone-were-primitive-helpful/article_4c95190f-3669-5eea-a707-381da7ca7b52.html.

SOUND & MUSIC CREDITS
Music: "Cascade" by Parallel Park. From Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC-SA
Music: "Coming Round" by Parallel Park. From Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC-SA
Sound Effect: "ambience house with tv" by H0ugH. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "atm money bank machine" by Nkzdra. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Ambience, Seaside Waves, Close, A" by InspectorJ. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Cafe busy with children" by Stevious42. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Classroom" by sarcasticbracket. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "College library ambience" by Hourofmidnight. From freesound.org. CC  BY-NC
Sound Effect: "GroupOfCollegeStudentsInClassroom" by adamlhumphreys. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "Library sounds" by artemis_ch. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Paintings at the exhibition » Lecture01" by LG. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Prinknash Abbey Ground (Graveyard) at Dusk" by kernowrules. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "Sad or Happy Movie Scene" by Soundscapes55. From freesound.org. CC BY
Sound Effect: "Wall Clock Ticking" by straget. From freesound.org. CC BY

EPISODE 8 "IN THIS AREA, I WAS STUCK"
Many people did struggle during the Recession, and some never fully recovered. Paul dedicated his life to the liberal arts, helping students achieve their dreams, including a young poet with a speech impediment. When the cumulative effects of the 2008 crisis kicked in, however, Paul was laid off. He found work as a Retail Merchandiser, but it paid less than $15 an hour.
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Oral history transcript to be performed: Paul Cook, former Retail Merchandiser and Academic Advisor (2017, original)

VOICE CREDITS
Storyteller: Paul Cook
Narrator: Reverend Earl Kooperkamp

THEME SONG CREDIT
The “John Henry” song at the beginning of our show is from the Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. Used courtesy of the Association for Cultural Equity.

RESEARCH CREDITS

• DeSilver, Drew. “For Most Americans, Real Wages Have Barely Budged for Decades.” Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 7 Aug. 2018, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/07/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades/.
• Eagan, M. K., Stolzenberg, E. B., Ramirez, J. J., Aragon, M. C., Suchard, M. R., & Rios-Aguilar, C. (2016). The American freshman: Fifty-Year trends, 1966–2015. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.
• Morris, Alex. “Why Can't Allyson Get Ahead?” Rolling Stone, Rolling Stone, 13 Nov. 2018, www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/american-middle-class-disappearing-754735/.
• Schmidt, Benjamin. Mea Culpa: There *Is* a Crisis in the Humanities, 27 July 2018, sappingattention.blogspot.com/2018/07/mea-culpa-there-is-crisis-in-humanities.html.
• Selingo, Jeff. “Perspective | How the Great Recession Changed Higher Education Forever.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 21 Sept. 2018, www.washingtonpost.com/education/2018/09/21/how-great-recession-changed-higher-education-forever/?utm_term=.4c0cebee315b.
• Whistle, Wesley. “A Look At Millennial Student Debt.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 4 Oct. 2019, www.forbes.com/sites/wesleywhistle/2019/10/03/a-look-at-millennial-student-debt/#7ec1e7332437.

SOUND & MUSIC CREDITS
Music: "Burbujas de agua" by Circus Marcus. From Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC
Music: "intro_outro" by Circus Marcus. From Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC
Music: "La penúltima del jueves" by Circus Marcus. From Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "00588 paperwork 1" by Robinhood76. From freesound.org. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "Applause 4" by VlatkoBlazek. From freesound.org. CC BY

EPISODE 7 "IS THIS MY LIFE?"
Fast forward about 80 years to about a decade after America’s second-biggest economic contraction, the Great Recession. The granite industry is still dying, but it’s not wholly dead. The industry is also much safer than it used to be, thanks to workers fighting for better working conditions in the first half of the 20th century. For more highly skilled workers, there are still jobs. Gampo left the building trades to become a granite carver. He is one of about a half a dozen stone carvers left in Barre. He is an artist.
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Oral history transcript to be performed: Gampo Wickenheiser, Stone Carver (2017, original)

VOICE CREDITS
Storyteller: Gampo Wickenheiser
Narrator: George Brin

RESEARCH CITATIONS

• Baldwin, Robert E. "U.S. Trade Policy Since 1934: An Uneven Path Toward Greater Trade Liberalization." NBER, 2009. https://www.nber.org/papers/w15397.pdf
• Clagett, Bryan. “Automation Is In Your Future, And The Future Is Now.” Forbes, 18 Oct. 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2018/10/18/automation-is-in-your-future-and-the-future-is-now/#28b300f7153b.
• Cooper, David. “Balancing Paychecks and Public Assistance: How Higher Wages Would Strengthen What Government Can Do.” Economic Policy Institute, 3 Feb. 2016, www.epi.org/publication/wages-and-transfers/.
• ​“The 'End Of Loyalty' And The Decline Of Good Jobs In America.” Fresh Air, hosted by Terry Gross, 5 July 2017.
• Gindin, Sam. “Clarifying the Crisis.” Jacobin, 2 Jan. 2014, www.jacobinmag.com/2014/01/clarifying-the-crisis/.
• Kettell, Steven. “Circuits of Capital and Overproduction: A Marxist Analysis of the Present World Economic Crisis.” Review of Radical Political Economics, vol. 38, no. 1, 1 Mar. 2006, pp. 24–44., doi:10.1177/0486613405283312.
• Moody, Kim. “The State of American Labor.” Jacobin, 20 June 2016, www.jacobinmag.com/2016/06/precariat-labor-us-workers-uber-walmart-gig-economy/.
• Roos, Dave. “Are Millennials Really the First Generation to Do Worse than Their Parents?” HowStuffWorks, 11 Oct. 2013, money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/financial-planning/millennials-first-worse-parents1.htm.
• Scott, Patrick. “These Are the Jobs Most At Risk of Automation According to Oxford University: Is Yours One of Them?” The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 27 Sept. 2017, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/27/jobs-risk-automation-according-oxford-university-one/.
• Tomasi, Mari, et al. Men Against Granite. The New England Press Inc., 2004.
• “Women in the Labor Force: a Databook : BLS Reports.” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 1 Apr. 2017, www.bls.gov/opub/reports/womens-databook/2016/home.htm.

SOUND & MUSIC CREDITS
Music: "Anti-Exposed Video" by Captive Portal. From the Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC
Music: "Drums For Jobs" by Captive Portal. From the Free Music Archive. CC BY-NC
Sound Effect: "Soft Rain on a Tent & Bird Ambiance" by Kingcornz. From freesound.org. CC BY